How Does a Turbojet and Turbofan Engine Propel Work?

Before we can dive into how turbofan engines work, we need to first look at the core functionality of a turbojet engine. This is because the only difference between the two is an added fan placed in front of a turbojet’s core engine. This fan is encased in its own inlet and increases airspeed and thus pressure, ultimately resulting in an increase in overall exit thrust. This enhancement occurs without the need of additional fuel, making turbofans the engine standard for airliners because of their fuel efficiency. There are four main parts of a jet engine that air flow passes through that need to be explained to understand just how thrust is produced. These parts are where air enters an engine inlet and meets the compressor to, when it passes through the combustor, turbine, and exits out the nozzle.

Air that enters a core compressor is squeezed into smaller areas creating air pressure. This air pressure is then forced into the combustor or combustion chamber where it is mixed with fuel and then ignited. This produces hot expanding gases (up to 2,700 degrees F) that then make their way to the core turbine. These gases cause the fan turbine blades to rotate and spin around thousands of times, pushing hot air into the last part of a turbojet engine, the nozzle or exhaust duct. In the nozzle, hot air combines with cold air that bypassed the engine core processes explained above and these temperature differences expel an exhaust force that causes forward thrust.

Jet engines are also called gas turbines and produce tremendous thrust and very high speeds during flight. The concept for these engines were first theorized by Sir Isaac Newton in the third law of motion (cause and effect). If a rearward-channelled explosion could be attached to a machine, this theory could project an aircraft forward at very high speeds equal to the force of the backward explosion. Types of jet engines include ramjet engines, turboshaft engines, turbojet and turbofan engines as explained above, and turboprop engines

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